2013年1月自学考试高级英语试题

课程代码：00600
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外）。

注意事项：
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I. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)

1 . The development of netnews has formed a(n) ______ challenge to traditional journalism transmitted by newspapers, broadcasting stations and televisions.
A. united B. uniform
C. unpleasing D. unprecedented
2.It is easy to ______a spear in the daylight, but it is difficult to avoid an arrow in the dark.
A. dodge B. evade
C. escape D. invade
3. We were annoyed by his ______ reply, for we had been led to expect definite assurances of his approval.
A . nonsense B. noncurrent
C. noncommittal D. nonsacred

4. The patient has the right to considerate and ______care.
A. respectable B. respectful
C. respective D. respected
5 . Rosie's wonderful world came to a(n) ______ end when her parents' marriage broke up.
A. fast B. snap
C. abrupt D. hasty
6 . His evidence was a blend of smears, half truths and ______ lies.
A. downright B. upright
C. thorough D. radical
7. His report was attacked as a gross______ of the truth.
A. retort B. illusion
C. resolution D. distortion
8 . His success is a classic case of thrifty and ______businessmen.
A. crafty B. shrewd
C . tricky D. cunning
9 . He interpreted her condemnation of recent political development as an______ criticism of the govemment.
A. implicit B. explicit
C.impatient D.explored
10. When someone is angry because they recognize an abuse being committed to another person, that is ______ anger.
A. jealous B. ridiculous
C. contemptible D. justifiable
11. Many large companies seem totally _________ about the environment.
A. unbent B. unbalanced
C. unconcerned D. unconnected
12. You'll never finish the job if you ____________over details.
A. fuss B. mess
C. boss D. miss

13 .Instructors should ______ new movements before letting the class try them.
A. demolish B. manifest
C. demonstrate D. manipulate
14. It is very unpleasant to have to_______ the smoke from other people's cigarettes.
A. inhale B. exhale
C. import D. export
15. The government has ______ its refusal to compromise with terrorists.
A. retold B. redeemed
C. reacted D. reiterated
(1) Perhaps the defining moment of Tony Blair's premiership was the speech that he gave to the Labour Party conference in October 1. In June his party had returned to office with a huge majority. In September two planes were flown into the World Trade Centre in New York. The speech appeared to mark his transition from the insecure prime minister to a visionary and a statesman, determined to change the world. The most memorable passage was his declaration on Africa. "The state of Africa", he told us, "is a scar on the conscience of the world. But if the world as a community focused on it, we could heal it. And if we don't, it will become deeper and angrier."
(2) This being so, I would like to ask Britain's visionary prime minister to explain what he thinks he was doing at the G8 summit in France. A few weeks ago President Jacques Chirac did something unprecedented. After years of opposing any changes to European farm subsidies（补贴）, he approached the US government to suggest that Europe would stop subsidising its exports of food to Africa if America did the same.
(3) His offer was significant, not only because it represented a major policy reversal for France, but also because it provided an opportunity to abandon the perpetual agricultural arms race between the European Union and the US, in which each side seeks to offer more subsidies than the other. The West's farm subsidies, as Blair has pointed out, are a disaster for the developing world, and particularly for Africa.
(4) Farming accounts for some 70% of employment on that continent, and most of the farmers there are desperately poor. Part of the reason is that they are unfairly undercut by the subsidised products dumped on their markets by exporters from the US and the EU. Chirac' s proposals addressed only part of the problem, but they could have begun the process of dismantling the system that does so much harm to the West's environment and the lives of some of the world's most vulnerable people.
(5) We might, then, have expected Blair to have welcomed Chirac's initiative. Instead the prime minister has single-handedly destroyed it. The reason will by now be familiar. George Bush, who receives substantial political support from US agro-industrialists, grain exporters and pesticide manufacturers, was not prepared to make the concessions required to match Chirac's offer. If the EU, and in particular the UK, had supported France, the moral pressure on Bush might have been irresistible. But as soon as Blair made it clear that he would not support Chirac's plan, the initiative was dead.
(6) So, thanks to Mr Blair and his habit of doing whatever Bush tells him to, Africa will continue to suffer. Several of the food crises from which that continent is now suffering are made worse by the plight of its own farmers. The underlying problem is that the rich nations set the global trade rules. The current world trade agreement was supposed to have prevented the EU and the US from subsidising their exports to developing nations. But, as the development agency Oxfam has shown, the agreement contains so many loopholes that it permits the two big players simply to call their export subsidies by a different name.
(7) So, for example, the EU has, in several farm sectors, stopped paying farmers according to the amount they produce and started instead to give them direct grants, based on the amount of land they own and how much they produced there in the past. The US has applied the same formula, and added a couple of tricks of its own. One of these is called "export credit": the state reduces the cost of US exports by providing cheap insurance for the exporters. These credits, against which Chirac was hoping to trade the European subsidies, are worth some $'7.7bn to US grain sellers. In combination with other tricks, they ensure that American exporters can undercut the world price for wheat and maize by between 10% and 16%, and the world price for cotton by 40%. But the ugliest of its hidden export subsidies is its use of aid as a means of penetrating the markets of poorer nations. While the other major donors give money, which the World Food Programme can use to buy supplies in local markets, thus helping farmers while feeding the starving, the US insists on sending its own produce, stating that this programme is "designed to develop . " and expand commercial outlets for US products".
(8) The result is that the major recipients are not the nations in greatest need, but the nations that can again in the words of the US department of agriculture,. "demonstrate the potential to become commercial markets" for US farm products. This is why, for example, the Philippines currently receives more US food aid than Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe put together, all of which, unlike the Philippines, are currently suffering from serious food shortages.
(9) But US policy also ensures that food aid is delivered just when it is needed least. Oxfam has produced a graph plotting the amount of wheat given to developing nations by the US against world prices. When the price falls the volume of "aid" rises. This is as clear a demonstration of agricultural dumping as you could ask for. The very programme that is meant to help the poor is in fact undermining them.
(10) So, when faced with a choice between saving Africa and saving George Bush from a mild diplomatic embarrassment, Blair has, as we could have predicted, done as his master bids. The scar on the conscience of the world has just become deeper and angrier.

II. In this section, there are ten incomplete statements or questions, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points for each)

.16. The word "perpetual" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. cruel B. costly
C. horrible D. ceaseless
17. What percentage of African workers are involved in farming?
A. about 70% B. about 40%
C. about 16% D. about 10%
18. According to the author, agricultural subsidies are a bad thing because______.
A. they only benefit the USA
B. they cause political unrest in Africa
C. they lead to cheaper food prices in Africa
D. they make the price of imported food cheaper than locally produced food
19. The word vulnerable in Paragraph 4 means ______.
A. tough B. weak
C. hostile D. indifferent
20. The author is angry with Tony Blair because ______.
A. he remains an insecure prime minister
B. he won the election with a huge majority
C. he always challenges the American position
D. he changed his mind and opposed the French proposal
21. The word plight in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. a bitter complaint B. a difficult condition
C. a habit of laziness D. an arrogant attitude
22. The EU and the US have avoided the World Trade Agreement ban on subsidising food exports ______.
A. by helping the starving in Africa
B. by giving money directly to poor farmers
C. by giving these subsidies a different name
D. by paying farmers according to the amount they produce
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The G8 summit meeting was held in France.
B. France recently offered to stop subsidising food exports to Africa.
C. American exporters charge 10% more than the world price for wheat.
D. The Philippines receives more US food aid than Mozambique, Zambia,Zimbabwe and Malawi.
24. Richer countries like the Philippines receive more US food aid than poorer countries because ______.
A. they have a louder voice
B. they have bigger populations
C. they are better potential markets for US products
D. they have always been loyal allies of the United States

25. The author's attitude to Blair's decision is ______ .
A. critical B. positive
C. optimistic D. indifferent

非选择题部分

注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write the translation on your Answer Sheet. (10 points, 2 points for each)

26. The speech appeared to mark his transition from the insecure prime minister to a visionary and a statesman, determined to change the world.
27. The West's farm subsidies, as Blair has pointed out, are a disaster for the developing world, and particularly for Africa.
28. The current world trade agreement was supposed to have prevented the EU and the US from subsidising their exports to developing nations.
29. But the ugliest of its hidden export subsidies is its use of aid as a means of penetrating the markets of poorer nations.
30. So, when faced with a choice between saving Africa and saving George Bush from a mild diplomatic embarrassment, Blair has, as we could have predicted, done as his master bids.

IV. Answer the following essay question in English within 80-100 words. Write your
answers on the Answer Sheet. (10 points)
31. What do you think of the gap between rich and poor nations?

V. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or
expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences
and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for
each blank only. (25 points, 1 point for each)
Between Elvis and Alice, rock critics say, a 32 . of rock stars have helped our society define its beliefs and 33 . Bob Dylan touched a 34 of disaffection. He spoke of 35 rights, nuclear fallout, and loneliness. He spoke of change and of the 36 of an older generation. Something's happening here, he sang. You don't know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones?
On her way home she usually bought a slice of honey-cake at the baker's. It washer Sunday
37 . Sometimes there was an almond in her slice, sometimes 38 . It made a great 39 . If there was an almond it was like carrying home a tiny present-a surprise-something 40 might very well not have been there. She hurried on the almond Sundays and struck the match for the kettle in quite a 41 way.
The satisfaction of 42 time and of affording some outlet, however modest, for ambition, belongs to most work, and is sufficient to make even a man whose work is dull 43 on the average than a man who has no work 44 all. But when work is interesting, it is 45 of giving satisfaction of a far higher order than mere relief 46 tedium. The kinds of work in which there is some interest may be arranged in a hierarchy.
Problems large and small confront the elderly. They are easy targets for crime in the 47 and in their homes. Because of loneliness, confusion, hearing and visual difficulties they are prime 48 of dishonest door-to-door salesmen and fraudulent advertising, and buy defective hearing aids, dance lessons, useless "Medicare insurance supplements", and quack health remedies. Persons crippled by arthritis or strokes are yelled at by 49 bus drivers for their
slowness in climbing on and 50 buses. Traffic lights turn 51 before they can get across the street.
Our research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. It must 52 find the unique value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. We have 53 three distinct value disciplines, so called because 54 discipline produces a different kind of customer value . Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company 55 the other two, only that it picks a dimension of value on which to stake its market reputation over the long
56 .

A. abandons	B．at	C. attitudes	D. bewilderment	E．capable
F．civil	G．dashing	H. difference	I．each	J． from
K．happier	L. identified	M. impatient	N. instead	O. killing
P. nerve	Q． not	R. number	S． off	T． red
U. streets	V．term	W．that	X. treat	Y. victims

VI. Translate the following sentences into English and write the translation on your
Answer Sheet. (20 points, 2 points each for 57-60, 4 points for 61, 8 points for 62)
57．但请记住，语言是人类与同伴交流的方式，正是语言把人类与低级动物区分开来。
58．三家全国最有声望的公司为他提供了工作，他根本就不需要来参加这次面试，不需要来这家事务所。
59．奇怪的是，销售人员对他们所承受的长期压力和严密监督反应良好。
60．在我看来，科学须运用诚实，它是我们发现真理的唯一可靠手段。
61．生活中几乎任何有趣和有益的事情都需要建设性的、持之以恒的努力。我们中最迟钝、最缺乏天分的人也能有所作为，令那些从不专注的人感到惊奇。
62．就算汽车车主可以无视公共交通的缺乏，他也很难忽视服务行业总体上的恶化。他的汽车需要维修工，而维修工的费用越来越贵，效率却越来越低。家用小装置更换的费用比维修便宜。越是看起来设备齐全的家庭，越要依赖冷漠的大公司和人数日益减少的服务大军。